Resource Tag: SEROTONIN

This study compared serotonergic function, as assessed by prolactin response to fenfluramine, in males with compulsive personality disorder, males with noncompulsive personality disorders, and normal control subjects. The two patient groups did not differ in age, depression status, suicide history, or comorbid borderline personality disorder. However, compulsive personality disorder patients had significantly greater impulsive aggressive […]

Objectives. The goal of this study was to investigate and identify risk factors for suicide among all active duty members of the US military during 2005 or 2007. Methods. The study used a cross-sectional design and included the entire active duty military population. Study sample sizes were 2 064 183 for 2005 and 1 981 […]

Suicide and suicidal behaviour are a major health concern worldwide particularly in patients with mood disorders. Family, adoption and twin studies show that genetics influences suicidal behaviour. The serotonin transporter (5HTT) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and may also be involved in suicidal behaviour since 5HTT binding is decreased in […]

Objectives: Studies suggest early-onset depression (EOD) is associated with a more severe course of the depressive disorder, while late-onset depression (LOD) is associated with more cognitive and neuroimaging changes. This study examined if older adults with EOD, compared with those with LOD, would exhibit more severe symptoms of depression and, consistent with the glucocorticoid cascade […]

A stress-diathesis explanatory model of suicidal behaviour has proved to be of heuristic value, and both clinical and neurobiological components can be integrated into such a model. A trait deficiency in serotonin input to the anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex is found in association with suicide, and more recently non-fatal suicidal behaviour, and is […]

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Objective: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with impaired emotion regulation and impulsivity. Low serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) function is associated with NSSI, impaired emotion regulation and impulsivity. We investigated the effects of experimentally lowered 5-hydroxytryptamine activity, via acute tryptophan depletion (ATD), on impulsive action, reflection impulsivity and mood in female adolescents engaging in NSSI. Methods: Thirty-two female […]

This study examined the statistical relation between platelet serotonin concentration & serum cortisol concentration in a group of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, with & without attempted suicide, treated in hospital in Zagreb. Results showed significantly lower platelet serotonin concentration in the patients, with & without suicidal behaviour, as compared to healthy controls. There were […]

This article reviews evidence supporting the hypothesis that suicide rates in Japan could be reduced by elevating serotonin levels via increasing the average duration of sleep. From the research reviewed, 2 major problematic issues were apparent: most people in Japan receive inadequate sleep & individuals whose sleep is inadequate are unlikely to be sufficiently physically […]

Published English-language literature was reviewed to identify evidence supporting a multi-dimensional model of putative causal pathways for suicidal behaviour. There is evidence that clinical, neurochemical, neuroendocrine, neurocognitive, & neurophysiological contributory factors may be useful as intermediate phenotypes in describing putative causal pathways from genetics & early-life adversity to suicidal acts. It is concluded that determining […]

This study analyzed promoter polymorphism -1019C>G in 323 suicide victims & 190 controls, all of Slovenian origin. Differences in the distributions of genotype & allele frequences were not statistically significant between suicide victims & controls, & the same was found for distributions according to gender & suicide method. For 62 suicide victims information about stressful […]

The density of 5-HT1A binding using 3H-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino) tetralin as binding ligand was studied in human frontal cortex of suicide victims & normal controls who died due to medical disease or accidents. There was no difference in the maximum number of binding site (Bmax) or Kd (an inverse measure of affinity) of 5-HT1A receptor binding sites […]

Owing to the assumed functionality of intronic polymorphisms of tryptophan hydroxylase (218AC) and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (VNTR-2) genes, the authors investigated frequencies of occurrence of the tryptophan hydroxylase & 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter genotypes containing lower activity alleles in 192 suicide victims & 377 controls. Significant differences in frequences of these genotype combinations were found between suicide victims […]

Binding kinetics were assayed in prefrontrol & temporal cortex in matched pairs of suicide victims & controls using the selective ligand 3H-paroxetine & employing 1muM sertraline to define specific binding to the transporter & 10muM sertraline which also displaces binding to the high affinity, nontransporter site. The total number of 3H-paroxetine transporter & nontransporter binding […]

5 peripheral serotonergic markers were assessed simultaneously. Of 60 acutely suicidal inpatients, 45 were suicide attempters. 28 nonsuicidal patients with major depression & 123 healthy volunteers served as control groups. Mean platelet 5HT concentration was significantly lower in suicidal inpatients when compared to nonsuicidal depressed patients, but did not differ from the figure in healthy […]

In this letter to the editor, the authors comment on a multicentre study by Voon et al (2008) on the risk of death by suicide in patients with Parkinson’s disease who had received subthalamic stimulation. They also briefly review results from a preclinical study they have done. The reply of Voon et al follows.

To evaluate the relationship between plasma serotonin levels & psychometric measures in suicidal adolescents versus controls, 211 Israeli adolescents were divided into 4 groups: 35 suicidal psychiatric inpatients; 30 nonsuicidal psychiatric inpatients; 51 adolescents referred to the emergency room after an attempt; & 95 community-based controls. Plasma serotonin levels were significantly lower in the control […]

The authors propose a diathesis-stress model in which 2 sets of variables interact to potentiate suicide among individuals with alcoholism. Predisposing factors include high levels of impulsiveness & aggression, alcoholism severity, hopelessness, & negative affect. Acute stressors such as relationship problems or disruptions & onset of a depressive episode precipitate suicidal behaviour among the predisposed. […]

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