Within weeks of the Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938, 153 members of the Medical Faculty of Vienna were dismissed, most often because of their Jewish origin. Most victims managed to emigrate but others died in concentration camps or committed suicide. Vacant posts were filled with persons known to be politically trustworthy. In this climate, medical atrocities were committed. The author tells this story to honour the victims & to urge people to remember so that history does not repeat itself.