Exploration of the prevalence and profile of suicide cases in the population of northern Morocco (2017-2022)

Background: Suicide, a complex phenomenon that constitutes a major public health issue, has been increasingly prevalent in the Moroccan context. Against this backdrop, this study examines the prevalence and profile characteristics of suicide cases in the northern region of Morocco. Methods: Employing a retrospective research design, we analyzed data from the forensic unit service in three provinces over six years, yielding a sample of 480 suicide cases. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software version 23, involving the bilateral Pearson Chi-square and independent t-tests. Results: Our findings reveal that suicide predominantly affects men (75%), who are typically unmarried (56%), residing in rural areas (75%), and having low levels of formal education (84%), with a majority being unemployed (57%). Hanging was the predominant method used to commit suicide (93%). Additionally, while psychiatric disorders had been diagnosed in 42% of cases, only 29% were receiving psychiatric care. Notably, suicide rates displayed an unexpected seasonal variation, peaking during the spring season and reaching their maximum in June. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study underscores the relevance of young and adult males from rural areas who are single, lacking education, unemployed, and not receiving medical care as the most vulnerable population segment regarding suicide. Further multidimensional research encompassing psychological, social, cultural, and economic factors could advance the formulation and implementation of effective suicide prevention policies.