Resource Tag: CLASSIFICATION

Background: Classification of acts of self-directed violence has been shown to be inadequate in past research. Furthermore, level of expertise have been shown to be unrelated to classification correctness. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether participants provided with a definition are more reliable in their judgment than participants without a definition. Method: Two hundred sixty-one […]

Introduction: False positives in retrospective binary suicide attempt classification models are commonly attributed to sheer classification error. However, when machine learning suicide attempt classification models are trained with a multitude of psycho-socio-environmental factors and achieve high accuracy in suicide risk assessment, false positives may turn out to be at high risk of developing suicidal behavior or […]

We posit the hypothesis that False Positive cases (FP) in machine learning classification models of suicidal behavior are at risk of suicidal behavior and should not be seen as sheer classification error. We trained an XGBoost classification model using survey data from 173,663 Norwegian adolescents and compared the classification groups for several suicide-related mental health […]

Background: Many studies have examined the reliability of national suicide statistics. Aims: To examine the Irish system of certifying suicide deaths and data collected by it. Methods: Data were recorded from a police form (Form 104) completed and sent to the Irish Central Statistics Office (CSO) after all inquested deaths that occurred in Ireland in 2002. Results: Of the […]

There is a significant history surrounding non-natural deaths in Correctional Service Canada (CSC) institutions and CSC’s responses to the recommendations of investigations into the circumstances of these deaths. The Correctional Investigator in his 2005-06 Annual Report raised concerns regarding the timely completion of meaningful investigation reports and action plans developed by CSC to address the […]

Introduction The inclusion of suicide gestures in modern nomenclatures for self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) is contentious due to their history of pejorative connotations and inconsistent operationalization and measurement. Here we sought to investigate the extent to which participants who endorse this behavior on a standardized SITB measure: (1) describe their behavior in a way […]

This essay employs a social constructionist perspective to reassess the gender gap in US suicide rates during the early 21st century. Male rates well exceed female rates. However, suicide is undercounted, and undercounting is nonrandom by gender and method. Female suicides frequently select drug intoxication  and other poisoning, a less forensically overt method than the […]

In Canada, boys account for almost three quarters of suicides among those aged 15-24 years. However, non-fatal suicide-related behaviours also onset in youth but are more common in girls. Thus far, there has been little empirical investigation of what produces this gender paradox. This report summarizes two recently published studies in which ICES tackles the […]

Background: The absence of agreed-upon terminology, definitions, and operational classifications has hampered research in the field of suicidology for many decades. Aims and Method: We systematically reviewed contemporary classifications of suicidal behavior using the scope of the classification (comprehensive vs. restricted or single behaviors), and the presence or absence of a classification scheme and an […]

Self-injury is a common phenomenon among adolescents and young adults, however its prevalence in clinical population is estimated at 40–80%, especially in regard to patients during puberty. Symptoms usually appear between 12th and 14th year of age, and their average duration is approx. 2 years. According to accepted sociocultural norms self-injury can be regarded as […]

Race group differences in suicide death classification in a sample of 109 Black and White university students were examined. Participants were randomly assigned to read three vignettes for which the vignette subjectsÕ race (only) varied. The vignettes each described a circumstance (terminal illness, academic failure, or relationship difficulties) that preceded the vignette subjectÕs ambiguously premature […]

The authors created a typology of suicide by police by separating 143 such incidents from a database of 174 police shooting incidents. The 143 incidents consisted of 3 categories: direct confrontations; disturbed interventions; & criminal interventions. Direct confrontations presented a lower level of danger to police, but there was a high variability within this category. […]

The outcomes of 1348 Japanese individuals who attempted suicide & visited the critical care center or the psychiatric emergency department of the hospital were categorized into 3 groups. Physical, mental, & social characteristics were compared. The hospitalized groups, particularly those hospitalized in the critical care centre, were found to have biopsychosocially serious factors with regard […]

In this editorial, the authors discuss the way suicidal behaviour is currently classified in the DSM-IV – only as a symptom in the context of Major Depressive Episode or of Borderline Personality Disorder. They recommend that suicidal behaviour be considered a separate diagnostic category & documented on a sixth axis. (16 refs.)

Using an empirically based decision tree analysis for a large national sample of Veterans Affairs health system patients treated for depression, the authors identified subgroups with particularly high or low rates of suicide. 887,859 patients treated for depression between April 1999 & September 2004 were identified. The exploratory data analysis produced a decision tree with […]

Research carried out by the author on suicide in mass murderers is reviewed. The incidence of suicide in rampage murderers (34.7%) is much higher than in serial killers (4.4%). Whereas all of the suicides in mass murderers occurred during attempts to arrest them, 52% of the suicides in serial killers occurred after arrest. Case studies […]

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The authors examined whether the severity of borderline personality disorder, as measured by the number of criteria present, is associated with comorbidity of Axis I & Axis II diagnoses, as well as demographic factors & psychosocial functioning. 2300 psychiatric outpatients were interviewed. Approximately 10% of the patients were diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. There were […]

Trends in adolescent (15-19 years) suicide rates from 1979-1996 were compared with suicide trends in individuals 20 years & over in 30 countries & with trends in rates of deaths due to undetermined causes in adolescents in 17 countries of the World Health Organization European Region. In 21 of the 30 countries, male adolescent suicide […]

In an 8-year review (1991-1998) of all consecutive coroners’ files in Quebec, the authors identified 34 cases of victims who were killed by their mothers. There were 27 mothers in the sample, & 15 of them died by suicide after the filicide. A psychiatric motive was determined for more than 85% of the mothers, & […]

This presentation discussed whether suicide is part of a range of self-destructive behaviours or if it is a separate phenomena. It was asserted that concentrating on suicide alone is inadequate for research purposes as such as focus may neglect the precipitating events, life events, motivation, & the individual’s own concepts of life & death that […]

Inmates in the custody of federal & provincial corrections facilities are considered to be a group at high risk of suicide. This paper provides a statistical profile of inmate suicides in Canada & examines some of the research into the key precipitating factors & causes involved in inmate suicide. It also discusses various intervention, treatment, […]