Resource Tag: COGNITIVE PROCESSES

Objectives: Studies suggest early-onset depression (EOD) is associated with a more severe course of the depressive disorder, while late-onset depression (LOD) is associated with more cognitive and neuroimaging changes. This study examined if older adults with EOD, compared with those with LOD, would exhibit more severe symptoms of depression and, consistent with the glucocorticoid cascade […]

Objective:The psychometric properties of the Penn Face Memory Test (PFMT) were investigated in a large sample (4,236 participants) of U.S. Army Soldiers undergoing computerized neurocognitive testing. Data were drawn from the initial phase of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS), a large-scale study directed towards identifying risk and resilience […]

suicidal behavior. However, this dysfunction is not found consistently across samples. Method Medication-free subjects with DSM-IV major depressive episode (major depressive disorder and bipolar type I disorder) and a past history of suicidal behavior (n = 72) were compared to medication-free depressed subjects with no history of suicidal behavior (n = 80) and healthy volunteers […]

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The discussion in this chapter uses a theoretical basis which assumes sound mental health can be represented as an equilibrium, or vital balance. The concept is modified from the writings of Menninger & incorporates the ideas of Antonovsky & his formulations for coping with stress. The Suicide Assessment Checklist, the Coping Abilities Questionnaire, & the […]

This chapter outlines a framework for crisis intervention in suicide management that is guided by a basic conceptualizaton of suicide that incorporates crisis intervention principles & goals. Additional variables that are critical to clinically sound outpatient management of suicidal patients & issues that tend to be underemphasized by therapists in working with suicidal patients are […]

The goals of this chapter are: to review research on cognitive factors associated with suicidal risk, & to discuss evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural interventions for treating suicidal patients. Outcome studies have focused on the use of problem-solving strategies leading to a call for research on the effectiveness of other cognitive-behavioural strategies, including those […]

This review focuses on human studies of caffeine in subjects with & without psychiatric disorders. Besides the possibility of mild drug dependence, caffeine may bring benefits that contribute to its widespread use. Moderate caffeine intake (less than 6 cups per day) has been associated with less depressive symptoms, fewer cognitive failures, & lower risk of […]

This study determined if executive function & impulsivity are related to risk for suicide & suicide attempts in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. 42 patiens were recruited. Mutliple regression analysis was carried out to examine predictive associations between clinical variables & Wisconsin Card Sorting Test measures. 24 patients had a score on the Risk for […]

A 3-day Nobel Conference on the role of genetics in promoting suicide prevention & the mental health of the population was held in Stockholm during June 2009. 19 invited presentations covered the genetic basis of mood/psychotic disorders & substance abuse in relation to suicide. This article presents an overview based on the highlights of what […]

The present study investigated whether deficits in autobiographical memory may be associated with an increased frequency of suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia. The authors found support for their hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia & previous suicide attempts have an over-generalized autobiographical memory compared to patients with schizophrenia without previous suicide attempts. Adjustment for sociodemographic […]

2 studies were done to examine the relationship between suicidality & 3 key psychological predictors of suicide risk, namely, depression, hopelessness, & psychache. Using a sample of 587 undergraduates, Study 1 determined the degree to which these predictors are distinct. Exploratory & confirmatory factor analyses indicated the factors were separate but correlated. Study 2 compared […]

With new understanding of the mind’s potential, it is possible now to examine forensic documents such as ransom notes or suicide letters for unconscious communication to determine true motivation & intent. For example, O. J. Simpson’s alleged suicide letter offers a sterling opportunity to apply this new appreciation of the human mind to determine his […]

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The aim of the research reported in this chapter is to investigate memory biases associated with emotional disorders. Suicidal behaviour is used as a paradigm case. Research was started with the assumption that, immediately prior to a crisis, the person does not use available resources & is not amenable to persuasion, partly because he or […]

This study applied a social cognition model to parasuicidal behaviour. An extended theory of planned behaviour model was tested on 55 individuals drawn from hospital & non-hospital populations in Glasgow. 38% of the sample reported a history of deliberate self-harm. Findings supported the utility of model: attitudes, subjective norm, self-efficacy, moral norm, & anticipated affect […]

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This paper focuses on theoretical, empirical, & clinical accounts of self-destructive processes in the general population, with a particular focus on suicidal individuals. The theoretical perspective includes views on self-destruction as: a motivated wish or need; an outcome of emotional distress; an outcome of distorted cognitions; & as a general personality feature. These studies show […]

This book offers a new theoretical framework for diagnosis & the assessment of a patient’s suicide risk. New clinical guidelines for crisis intervention & therapeutic alliances in psychotherapy & suicide prevention are provided. A chapter on preventive & public health campaigns is also included.

The scientific development of psychology-based suicidology during the past 50 years recognizes a psychological process which precedes the suicide act. This process is also a discursive process, as the individual immerses himself in an internal suicidal discourse, which is shaped by cultural norms, common language, & influenced by biological, cognitive, & affective mechanisms. The authors […]

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This study tested whether sucide risk would increase in patients with recent onset schizophrenia with increased potential for suicide schema acitivation as indicated by lower levels of specific negative symptoms that reflected emotional reactivity, namely emotional withdrawal & blunted affect. A logistic regression analysis of baseline data of 278 patients with recent onset schizophrenia with […]

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