Gene environment interaction studies in depression and suicidal behavior: An update.

Highlights: Evidence supports both heritable and environmental influences in depression and suicidal behavior risk. GeneÐenvironment interaction (G _ E) studies may be useful to investigate the impact of both sources of risk. So far, within this context, only few results have been obtained in both depression and suicidal behavior, though some genes seems reliably moderating the environmental risk for these disturbances. However, traditional G _ E studies suffer from a nr of limitations, therefore novel methods of investigation are required to overcome current G _ E studiesÕ pitfalls.