Contrary to Durkheim’s theory of suicide during wartime, the Netherlands had high suicide rates in 1940 & 1945. To explain these findings, the authors propose the social integration theory, according to which, people who expect to be excluded from society are more likely to die by suicide. This idea is examined using individual-level data on suicide in the Netherlands during World War II, assuming Jews expected to be excluded, whereas political delinquents expected punishment after the war. High suicide rates were found among Jews at the beginning of the war & high suicide rates among political delinquents when the Netherlands was liberated. Finding support the hypothesis & call for refinement of Durkheim’s ideas. (30 refs.)