Use of Holding, Restraints, Seclusion and Time-out in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric In-patient Treatment

The aim of this study was to analyse the use of holding, restraints, seclusion, & time-out in child & adolescent psychiatric in-patient treatment in Finland. Psychosis, suicidal acts, & older age (13-18 years) were associated with seclusion & mechanical restraints. The longer children had been in treatment, the more likely they were to have been restrained. Effects of restraints & seclusion, as well as the need for guidelines concerning these practices, are discussed. (31 refs)