Year: 1993 Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, v.46, no.5, (1993), p.475-487 SIEC No: 19980808

44,290 men & 24,535 women aged 35-49 were followeed for an average of 13.3 years with respect to different causes of death. The highest suicide rate was seen among the cigarette-only smokers, whereas pipe smokers had the lowest rate. For both genders, there was an increase in suicide & accident mortality with an increase in the number of cigarettes smoked each day. In this study, a large part of the cigarette-suicide relationship could be explained by the confounding of stress factors.