This article details the portrait of Dr. Gachet, excerpts letters by Van Gogh & a medical thesis on melancholia by Gachet, & notes a correspondence between the thesis description, Gachet’s portrait & some self-portraits produced by Van Gogh (eyebrow crease, creases between the eye-sockets, accentuated naso-labial fold, pinched mouth, & leaning head & shoulders). Images of melancholics in classical paintings & the dispute over Van Gogh’s illness prior to his suicide are also discussed.