The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population

The author describes the development of a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population. The scale was tested in household interview surveys & in psychiatric settings, & proved both valid & reliable. The scale is intended for use in epidemiological studies of depression. The author cautions it is not intended for clinical diagnostic use, & interpretations of individual scores should not be made. 30 Refs. (NBB)