Affective Disorder, Paranatal and Educational Factors in the Offspring of Bipolar Manic-Depressives

55 adult offspring of bipolar manic-depressives were studied. A detailed educational history & pregnancy & birth history were obtained. 32% met criteria for major affective disorder & 13% for minor affective disorder. Paranatal & educational problems were not associated with enhanced risk but they were associated with an earlier onset to affective disorder. This may be partially due to lower IQs. (MRE)