Opioids and substances of misuse among First Nations People in Alberta: Alberta Report, 2017.

Apparent accidental opioid toxicity deaths
 Rates of apparent accidental opioid drug toxicity deaths per 100,000 were three times higher among First Nations people compared to Non-First Nations people from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017.
 First Nations people represented 12 per cent of all apparent accidental opioid toxicity deaths in Alberta from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017.

 While the proportion of apparent accidental opioid drug toxicity deaths involving fentanyl has increased from January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017 for both First Nations and Non-First Nations people, the proportion of fentanyl-related opioid toxicity deaths is consistently higher among Non-First Nations people (approximately 18% higher than in First Nations people).
 Among First Nations people, males and females were nearly equally represented among apparent accidental opioid toxicity deaths January 1, 2016 to March 31, 2017. In comparison, among Non-First Nations people, males represented a much higher proportion of apparent accidental opioid toxicity deaths.
 In 2016, the rate of opioid toxicity deaths per 100,000 person years among individuals identifying as First Nations was significantly higher in the Calgary Zone compared to all other zones. Among Non-First Nations, the rate was marginally higher in the Edmonton Zone, compared to all other Zones. Confirmed accidental and suicide drug & alcohol toxicity deaths
 In 2016, among First Nations people, accidental non-fentanyl opioid toxicity deaths represented the highest proportion of all confirmed drug & alcohol toxicity deaths. In comparison, accidental fentanyl toxicity deaths represented the highest proportion of all confirmed drug & alcohol toxicity deaths among Non-First Nations people.
 Among First Nations people, hydromorphone saw the largest increase as a substance causing drug toxicity death from 2014 to 2016. In comparison, among Non-First Nations people, methamphetamine and heroin saw the largest increase as substances causing drug toxicity death.