Entheogens and psychedelics in Canada: Proposal for a new paradigm

After decades of prohibition, scientific and academic inquiry into the psychedelic sciences has been reignited in the West. Alongside research, clinicians are being permitted to study the effects of psychedelic substances in humans, and the door has been opened to deliver psychedelic-assisted therapies for mental health needs. However, despite excitement for the professional use of psychedelics, there are few, if any, overarching principles regulating such studies and treatment approaches in Canada. To this end, experts in religious studies, psychiatry, clinical psychology, palliative care, anthropology, ethics, and legal studies assembled to assess the developing situation and form recommendations, as an initial step in laying the groundwork for therapeutic, spiritual, and research involvement/activities with psychedelics. This article reviews the historical context of entheogens in indigenous traditions; a current view of the field in Canada; potential risks associated with psychedelic use; recommendations regarding ethical guidelines and education and training for professionals; and criteria for credentialing in psychedelic-assisted therapies. These recommendations comprise the first step in an essential process to connect science, education, varied entheogen and psychedelic practices and our government. The professional recommendations of the committee culminate in advising the creation of a National Advisory Council, adjunct to the Office of Controlled Substances, Health Canada, and a Credentialing Council adjunct to the National Advisory Council. These councils would advise on sustainability and management of entheogenic plants, and education, training, core clinical competencies, ethical codes of conduct, and credentialing for clinicians and practitioners seeking to provide psychedelic-assisted treatments to clients.