Machine learning and the prediction of suicide in psychiatric populations: A systematic review

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance suicidal prediction. However, as many large-sample studies mixed psychiatric and non-psychiatric populations, a formal psychiatric diagnosis emerged as a strong predictor of suicidal risk, overshadowing more subtle risk factors specific to distinct populations. To overcome this limitation, we conducted a systematic review of ML […]

Identifying unique subgroups in suicide risks among psychiatric outpatients

Background: The presence of psychiatric disorders is widely recognized as one of the primary risk factors for suicide. A significant proportion of individuals receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment exhibit varying degrees of suicidal behaviors, which may range from mild suicidal ideations to overt suicide attempts. This study aims to elucidate the transdiagnostic symptom dimensions and associated suicidal […]

Evidence-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder decreases suicidal ideation by reducing perceived burdensomeness among veterans in an outpatient program

Evidenced-based posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatments generally reduce suicidal ideation (SI), and the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) may theoretically account for this finding. The ITS posits that SI stems from feeling like a burden (i.e., perceived burdensomeness) and a lack of belonging (i.e., thwarted belongingness). Previous research suggests that change in PTSD severity has […]

Clinical characteristics and prescriptions associated with a 2-year course of rapid cycling and euthymia in bipolar disorder: A multicenter treatment survey for bipolar disorder in psychiatric clinics

Objective: In patients with bipolar disorder (BD), rapid cycling (RC) presents a risk for a more severe illness, while euthymia (EUT) has a better prognosis. This study focused on the progression of RC and EUT, which are contrasting phenomenology, and aimed to clarify the influence of patient backgrounds and prescription patterns on these different progressions, using […]

Predictors of suicidality among patients with psychotic disorders in a partial hospital treatment program

Individuals with psychotic disorders are at increased risk for suicidality. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared in individuals with psychotic disorders reporting either high or low suicidality. Among this sample of 259 partial hospital patients, 116 (44.8%) were classified as high risk on the suicidality section of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview, and 143 (55.2%) were […]

The suicidal behavior questionnaire revised (SBQ-R): Validation in Iranian psychiatric outpatients

The aims of the present study were (a) to investigate the psychometric properties and to explore the factorial structure of the Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) in Iranian psychiatric outpatients, and (b) to examine demographic and clinical differences. The SBQ-R was administered to a  convenience sample of 102 Iranian psychiatric outpatients. Cronbach’s a was 0.87. One […]

Identifying risk factors and key strategies in linkage to outpatient psychiatric care

OBJECTIVE: The substantial failure of psychiatric patients to engage in outpatient specialty mental health care after an acute hospitalization at a time when managed care companies and others increasingly hold hospitals accountable for outcomes underscores the importance of identifying patients at high risk for not completing referrals. This study explored patient risk factors for not completing […]

Assessing suicide risk in a pediatric outpatient behavioral health system: A quality improvement report

Introduction: Standardized suicide risk assessment improves the detection of individuals at risk of suicide. We conducted a quality improvement initiative in a system of outpatient behavioral health practices affiliated with a free-standing children’s hospital to implement standardized suicide risk assessment for new patients. Methods: Clinicians received education in suicide risk assessment and were trained to […]

Observational study of suicide in Switzerland: Comparison between psychiatric in- and outpatients

AIMS OF THE STUDY: In Switzerland, suicide is a major cause of years of potential life lost. Among people who died by suicide, a significant number suffered from mental illness and were treated by psychiatric care institutions. Psychiatric patients are thus a specific target for suicide prevention. Based on data from a clinical committee reviewing […]

Effect of offering care management or online dialectical behavior therapy skills training vs usual care on self-harm among adult outpatients with suicidal ideation: A randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE To compare 2 low-intensity outreach programs with usual care for prevention of suicidal behavior among outpatients who report recent frequent suicidal thoughts. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Pragmatic randomized clinical trial including outpatients reporting frequent suicidal thoughts identified using routine Patient Health Questionnaire depression screening at 4 US integrated health systems. A total of 18 […]

Prevalence and correlates of past-month suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury among adults in a partial hospital program

Objective This study examined the prevalence and cross-sectional correlates of past-month suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, interrupted attempts, aborted attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among patients seeking treatment at a partial hospitalization program (PHP). Method 1063 patients (54% female, 87% white, mean age = 33.6 years) receiving treatment at a PHP completed self-report questionnaires and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale […]

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adult psychiatric outpatients: A nationwide study

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent behavioural problem among people with mental illness, yet many fundamental aspects of NSSI remain unknown. We studied the prevalence of NSSI, and its relationship with suicide ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA) among adult psychiatric outpatients, with a special focus on patients with personality disorders compared with patients […]

The relationship between suicidal behaviors and Zero Suicide organizational best practices in outpatient mental health clinics

Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that fidelity of clinics to Zero Suicide (ZS) organizational practices is inversely related to suicidal behaviors of patients under clinical care. Methods: Using cross-sectional analyses, the authors examined the fidelity of 110 outpatient mental health clinics to ZS organizational best practices and suicidal behaviors of clinic patients in the […]

Patient-related factors associated with an increased risk of being a reported case of preventable harm in first-line health care: A case-control study

Background: Patient safety issues in primary health care and in emergency departments have not been as thoroughly explored as patient safety issues in the hospital setting. Knowledge is particularly sparse regarding which patients have a higher risk of harm in these settings. The objective was to evaluate which patient-related factors were associated with risk of harm […]

Cost-effectiveness of a contact intervention and a psychotherapeutic program for post-discharge suicide prevention

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of 2 strategies for post-discharge suicide prevention, an Enhanced Contact intervention based on repeated in-person and telephone contacts, and an individual 2-month long problem-solving Psychotherapy program, in comparison to facilitated access to outpatient care following a suicide attempt. Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a decision tree between January and […]

The role of psychiatric symptoms and environmental vulnerability factors in explaining the relationship between child maltreatment and suicidality: A prospective investigation

Background Childhood maltreatment has been associated with suicide thoughts and attempts; however, few longitudinal studies have assessed risk of suicidality into adulthood. Fewer have examined potential mediators (psychiatric symptoms and environmental vulnerability factors). Methods Prospective cohort design. Children with documented cases of maltreatment (N = 495, ages 0–11) were matched with non-maltreated children (N = 395) and followed up […]

Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: Retrospective cohort studies of 62,354 COVID-19 cases in the USA

Background Adverse mental health consequences of COVID-19, including anxiety and depression, have been widely predicted but not yet accurately measured. There are a range of physical health risk factors for COVID-19, but it is not known if there are also psychiatric risk factors. In this electronic health record network cohort study using data from 69 […]

Association of timely outpatient mental health services for youths after psychiatric hospitalization with risk of death by suicide

Importance  Timely outpatient follow-up care after psychiatric hospitalization is an established mental health quality indicator and considered an important component of suicide prevention, yet little is known about whether follow-up care is associated with a reduced risk of suicide soon after hospital discharge. Objective  To evaluate whether receipt of outpatient care within 7 days of psychiatric hospital […]

Evaluation of BDNF as a biomarker for impulsivity in a psychiatric population

Impulsivity is an important risk factor for suicide and therefore, identifying biomarkers associated with impulsivity could be important in evaluating psychiatric patients. Currently, assessment of impulsivity is based solely on clinical evaluation. In this study, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a nerve growth factor, was evaluated as a potential biomarker for impulsivity. We hypothesize that elevated […]

Risk of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts in emerging adults with diabetes

OBJECTIVE: To determine the longitudinal risks of psychiatric disorders in adolescents and emerging adults with versus without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Quebec, Canada, using linked health administrative databases of adolescents (age 15 years) with and without diabetes and without prior psychiatric disorders between 1997 and 2015, followed […]

Psychiatric illness and sleep in older adults comorbidity and opportunities for intervention

Psychopathology is common among older adults, with community prevalence rates as high as 15% for anxiety1 and 13% for depression.2 Further, although in recent years suicide rates have been higher in midlife than among older adults, older white men still have the highest suicide rate of any group.3 Although some may think that the onset […]

Patterns of change in suicide ideation signal the recurrence of suicide attempts among high-risk psychiatric outpatients

Suicide ideation is an inherently dynamic construct. Previous research implicates different temporal patterns in suicide ideation among individuals who have made multiple suicide attempts as compared to individuals who have not. Temporal patterns among first-time attempters might therefore distinguish those who eventually make a second suicide attempt. To test this possibility, the present study used a dynamical systems approach to […]

Comparison of electronic screening for suicidal risk with the Patient Health Questionnaire Item 9 and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale in an outpatient psychiatric clinic

Background Patient-reported data can improve clinical care, including identifying patients who are at risk for suicide. Methods In a tertiary care, psychiatric outpatient clinic, we compared computerized self-assessments of suicidal risk based on item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9and an electronic version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), using retrospective medical record review of clinical psychiatric assessments as […]