Relations between discrimination, rejection sensitivity, negative affect, and decrements in problem-solving ability following social rejection: An experimental investigation

Introduction While negative affect and problem-solving deficits have been consistently linked to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, the latter are often conceptualized and studied as time- and/or context-invariant. Though requiring additional empirical support, theory suggests that discrimination may strengthen the relation between rejection sensitivity and increases in negative affect as well as declines in problem-solving abilities […]

The role of problem-solving skills in the prevention of suicidal behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the association between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors and elucidate the potential role of problem-solving skills in influencing the occurrence of suicidal behaviors. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched until August 16, 2023. Studies addressing the associations between problem-solving skills and suicidal behaviors were included. […]

A culturally adapted manual‑assisted problem‑solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self‑harm: A multi‑centre randomised controlled trial

Background Self-harm is an important predictor of a suicide death. Culturally appropriate strategies for the prevention of self-harm and suicide are needed but the evidence is very limited from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for patients presenting after self-harm. Methods […]

A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: A multi-centre randomised controlled trial

Background: Self-harm is an important predictor of a suicide death. Culturally appropriate strategies for the prevention of self-harm and suicide are needed but the evidence is very limited from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for patients presenting after self-harm. Methods […]

Social problem-solving and suicidal behavior in adolescent girls: A prospective examination of proximal and distal social stress-related risk factors

Adverse social experiences are often linked to suicidal behavior in adolescence, perhaps particularly for girls. Social problem-solving abilities may indicate more or less adaptive responses to adverse social experiences that contribute to adolescent girls’ risk for suicidal behavior. While social problem-solving is implicated in cognitive and behavioral theories of suicidal behavior, prior work is largely […]

Mediating effects of coping style on associations between mental health factors and self-harm among adolescents

Background: There is evidence for an association between suicidal behavior and coping style among adolescents. Aims: The aims of this study were to examine associations between coping style, mental health factors, and self-harm thoughts and acts among Irish adolescents, and to investigate whether coping style mediates associations between mental health factors (depression, anxiety, and self-esteem) and self-harm. […]

Context-specific interpersonal problem-solving and suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Background: Interpersonal problem-solving difficulties constitute a suicide risk factor that may be particularly relevant among college students. Most studies have examined general interpersonal problem-solving; however, context-specific abilities may have greater clinical implications. Aim: This study examined whether individuals with and without a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors differed in context-specific interpersonal problem-solving. Method: Undergraduate students (n = 112) completed a […]

Revised Attentional Fixation on Suicide Experiences Questionnaire and its relationship with suicidal ideation and behavior: A cross-sectional study

Introduction The Attentional Fixation on Suicide Experiences Questionnaire (AFSEQ) was developed to measure attentional fixation on suicide, a cognitive process characterized by a preoccupation with suicide as a solution. This study investigated a revised version (AFSEQ-R) and examined differences between those who made a recent suicide attempt and those with suicidal ideation (SI). Method Participants […]

Improving health-related quality of life and reducing suicide in primary care: Can social problem-solving abilities help?

Problem-solving deficits and poor health–related quality of life are associated with suicide risk; yet, little is known about the interrelations between these variables. In 220 primary care patients, we examined the potential mediating role of physical and mental health–related quality of life on the relation between social problem–solving ability and suicidal behavior. Participants completed the […]

Effect of problem-solving therapy on depressed low-income homebound older adults’ death/suicidal ideation and hopelessness.

Journal held in CSP Library.

Cognitive risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation: A two year longitudinal study in adolescence.

Adolescence is a developmental period associated with heightened risk for both the onset and escalation of suicidal ideation (SI). Given that SI is a potent predictor of suicidal behavior, it is important to develop models of vulnerability for and protection against SI, particularly among young adolescents. This study examined the relative impact of several cognitive […]

Active and passive problem solving as moderators of the relation between negative life event stress and suicidal ideation among suicide attempters and non-attempters.

This study examined whether active problem solving would buffer against, whereas passive problem solving would exacerbate, the association of negative life stress with suicidal ideation. Young adult college students (73 females, M(age) = 19.0) from a diverse urban public university, with (n = 37) and without (n = 59) a suicide attempt history completed measures […]

Social problem solving and suicidal behavior: ethnic differences in the moderating effects of loneliness and life stress.

The objective of this study was to examine the combined moderating effects of life stress and loneliness on the association between social problem solving ability (SPS) and suicidal behaviors. We assessed SPS, suicidal behavior, loneliness, and stressful life events in a sample of 385 ethnically diverse college students. Overall, only loneliness moderated the association between […]

Safety Plan Treatment Manual to Reduce Suicide Risk: Veteran Version

This manual describes a brief clinical intervention, safety planning, that can serve as a valuable adjunct to risk assessment & may be used with veterans who have attempted suicide, have suicide ideation, have psychiatric disorders that increase suicide risk, or who are otherwise determined to be at high risk for suicide. The purpose of the […]

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy With Suicidal Patients (IN: Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention of Suicidal Behavior, edited by R I Yufit & D Lester)

The goals of this chapter are: to review research on cognitive factors associated with suicidal risk, & to discuss evidence for the efficacy of cognitive-behavioural interventions for treating suicidal patients. Outcome studies have focused on the use of problem-solving strategies leading to a call for research on the effectiveness of other cognitive-behavioural strategies, including those […]

The Relative Contribution of Diagnostic and Psychosocial Variables to Severity of Suicidal Ideation

This study examined the relative contribution of diagnostic & psychosocial factors to the prediction of severity of suicide ideation in a sample of 78 college students. Using hierarchical regression analyses to control for each set of factors, psychosocial factors were found to predict consistently level of suicide ideation. In contrast, diagnostic variables including diagnosis of […]

The Problem-Solving Diathesis in Depression, Hopelessness, and Suicide Ideation: a Longitudinal Analysis

The problem-solving deficit diathesis-stress model of suicide behavior proposed by Clum & colleagues (1979) & expanded by Schotte & Clum (1982, 1987) was examined in a short-term longitudinal test. The relationship between problem-solving deficits at Time 1 – prior to the stressor (a D or F on a midterm examination) – & adjustment at Time […]

An Expanded Etiological Model for Suicide Behavior in Adolescents: Evidence for its Specificity Relative to Depression

A depressed, high-suicide-ideating sample of 68 college students was compared to a depressed, low-suicide-ideating sample of 64 students. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the unique contributions of stress, problem-solving orientation, problem-solving skills, & perceived level of social support in predicting level of suicidality. Results clearly supported the importance of social support as […]

Autobiographical Memory Retrieval and Problem-Solving Deficits of Iranian Depressed Patients Attempting Suicide

The underlying hypothosis of this study was suicide attempters tend to retrieve overgeneral autobiographical memories, with a considerable latency. 2 cognitive measures were used to assess 20 Iranian patients who had attempted suicide & who met DSM-IV criteria for depression. Results showed suicide attempters produced more overgeneral memories & responded more slowly to positive than […]

Problem-Solving and Suicide Ideation: a Brief Preventive Intervention (IN: New Research in Mental Health: 2002-2003 Biennium, Volume 16, edited by D Roth & W J Lutz)

The general goals of this intervention were to elucidate further the relationship between suicide ideation, psychopathology, & coping skills. In addition, a short-term, secondary prevention program designed to decrease the intensity of suicide ideation & associated psychopathology while bolstering problem-solving abilities & coping skills was assessed. Participants included college students & people recruited from community […]

STORM (Skills-Based Training on Risk Management) Risk Assessment

This document provides the curriculum that makes up the STORM training. There are 4 modules: assessment; crisis management; problem solving; & crisis prevention. The package contains a pre-course introduction participant pack & the participants’ handbook.

Appraisals and Suicidality: the Mediating Role of Defeat and Entrapment

This study tested whether feelings of defeat & entrapment mediated the effects of negative appraisals upon suicide ideation & behaviour in a sample of 93 English university students who reported some degree of suicide ideation. Results supported a model whereby defeat & entrapment fully mediated the effect of appraisals of social support & problem-solving ability […]

Gender Role, Sexual Orientation and Suicide Risk

The unique & interactive effects of sexual orientation & gender role were assessed with regard to suicide ideation, related psychopathology, & measures of coping. 47 undergraduate psychology students participated as did 30 subjects recruited from gay, lesbian & transgender student organizations. Consistent with expectations, cross-gender role is a unique predictor of suicidal symptoms. Moreover, gender […]