Resource Tag: COGNITIVE THEORIES

Reactive control is the cognitive ability to adjust thoughts and behaviors when encountering conflict. We investigated how this ability to manage conflict and stress distinguishes suicidal from nonsuicidal individuals. The hypothesis was that suicidal individuals would show poorer reactive control when faced with conflict generated by emotional than neutral stimuli. Hence, individuals with a lifetime […]

Objective: Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. There are several important decisions that could confer later risk to a suicide attempt (e.g., how to store lethal means). Therefore, understanding how people make decisions that are relevant for suicide risk is an important area of study for suicidology. Human behavior diverges […]

The clinical assessment of suicidal risk would be substantially complemented by a biologically based measure that assesses alterations in the neural representations of concepts related to death and life in people who engage in suicidal ideation. This study used machine-learning algorithms (Gaussian Naive Bayes) to identify such individuals (17 suicidal ideators versus 17 controls) with […]

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The transition to high school coincides with an increase in the prevalence of depressive symptoms.A longitudinal intervention experiment involved three independent samples of students entering high school (N = 599). A brief self-administered reading and writing activity taught an incremental theory of personality, the belief that peopleÕs socially relevant characteristics have the potential to change. […]

Research shows poor decision making in adolescents who self-harm and a positive correlation between decision-making abilities and duration since last self-harm episode. This exploratory study investigated whether decision making in self-harming adolescents could be improved through treatment with a novel cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). It also investigated whether improvement in decision making following treatment was […]

This paper addresses the experience of another person’s suicide. Clinical & sociological observations attest to the fact that witnessing another person’s suicide as an imminent or completed event may influence one’s own suicide ideation. The authors’ thesis is that prereflective, intersubjective experience of another person’s suicide raises explicit retrospective questions about the meaning of suicide […]

Both psychological research in & statistical analysis of police suicide will produce a great level of understanding, but these should not lead to decisions about interventions & prevention programs. Once data has been collected, researchers should curb the use of statistics; the essential elements of all applied science are logic & common sense. This chapter […]

This article examines suicide bereavement through the lens of transformative learning. Its purpose is twofold: first, to analyse the dynamics of the grieving process & the transformative experience of the bereaved; second, to use this analysis to draw implications for theory, practice, & research on transformative learning. It is a study of the way in […]

The scientific development of psychology-based suicidology during the past 50 years recognizes a psychological process which precedes the suicide act. This process is also a discursive process, as the individual immerses himself in an internal suicidal discourse, which is shaped by cultural norms, common language, & influenced by biological, cognitive, & affective mechanisms. The authors […]

To detect essential ingredients for treatment, 3 different cognitive-behavioral theories of deliberate self-harm were reviewed: the cognitive-behavioral theory of Linehan (1993); the cognitive theory of Beck et al (2004), & the cognitive-behavioral theory of Rudd et al (2001). An overview is provided of therapeutic techniques that can be used to address the cognitive, emotional, behavioural, […]

The authors investigated whether the re-emergence of hopeless/suicidal cognitions over time can be explained within a differential activation framework. 2 studies, 146 & 136 participants respectively, showed that individuals who reported suicide ideation when depressed in the past had higher scores on the hopelessness/suicidality subscale of a measure assessing cognitive reactivity to low mood. Study […]

The chapters in this edited book cover theory, research, & clinical applications of cognitive therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy, voice therapy, & constructivism. The book also explores the cognitive aspects of suicidality, such as overgeneral memory, body-mind connection, perfectionism, problem solving deficits, & the ameliorating effects positive cognitions have. Finally, it examines […]

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This paper focuses on potential cognitive vulnerability factors for suicide ideation among older adults, given theory & research, linking thoughts of suicide in late life with decreased cognitive functioning, global & social forms of hopelessness, & an impaired recognition of meaning or purpose in life. (66 refs)

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The authors present evidence that negative cognitive styles do indeed confer vulnerability to clinically significant depressive disorders and suicidality, and discuss possible developmental antecedents of cognitive vulnerability to depression. The authors consider the issue of stability vs. change in cognitive vulnerability to depression and discuss the broader implications of their findings for mental and physicial […]

This study explores the role cognitive appraisal may play in an adolescent’s decision to run away, use drugs, or commit suicide. Based on a cognitive theory of stress & coping which posits cognitive appraisal of a situation as an important mediator of stress & as one of the determinants of an adaptational strategy, it examines […]